In industrial water treatment, “ hardness ” refers to dissolved calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions in water. These minerals hinder soap effectiveness, making water difficult to use for washing. Significant levels can cause various issues in industrial systems. Why is Hardness a Concern?   Hardness can cause scale formation, reducing heat transfer efficiency, restricting water flow, and promoting corrosion. In industrial settings, these problems increase energy use, dama

Reverse osmosis is often essential in water treatment systems. Recognizing early warning signs of operational issues is critical, as neglect can lead to fouling, scaling, costly cleanings, replacements, and downtime. When operating and maintaining reverse osmosis units in a pretreatment system, focus on these three key performance indicators (KPIs): ·       Normalized permeate flow ·       Pressure change (ΔP) ·       Salt passage Some operators assume RO units require cleani

High-purity makeup water and strict control of boiler water and steam chemistry are critical for high-pressure steam systems in power generation. Many industrial facilities, however, use low-pressure boilers, typically up to 600 psi, to produce process steam for things like heating reactors, evaporators, or building spaces. Although these systems require less rigorous treatment than high-pressure units, neglecting proper makeup water and condensate treatment can still cause s